ARTICLE

A REVIEW ON IMMUNE CELLS MEDIATED TUMOR PROGRESSION

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

02 Pages : 13-29

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2021(VI-IV).02      10.31703/gdddr.2021(VI-IV).02      Published : Dec 2021

A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression

Abstract

    mmune system mediates the tumor progression as the protective actions of the immune cells are suppressed, and they assist the tumor to grow by various mechanisms. This review illustrates the mechanisms adapted by the T regulatory cells, T helper cells and B lymphocytes that result in decreased immunosurveillance and poor tumor progression. Clear understanding of the pathways adopted, and mediators released by the immune cells can elaborate various target sites to explore in the cancer treatment. Stimulating immune response and recognizing cancer cells as non-self-antigens can be anoptimum approach to fight tumor.

    Tumor, Immune system, T-helper cells, T-regulatory cells, Immune suppression

    (1) Rana Muhammad Awais Khan
    Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (2) Umair ul Hassan
    Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
    (3) Shafiq ur Rehman
    Undergraduate Student, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Ademokun, A., Wu, Y. C., & Dunn-Walters, D. (2009). The ageing B cell population: Composition and function. Biogerontology, 11(2), 125-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-009- 9256-9
  • Alinejad, V., Dolati, S., Motallebnezhad, M., & Yousefi, M. (2017). The role of IL17B- IL17RB signaling pathway in breast cancer. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 88, 795-803. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017. 01.120
  • Alizadeh, A. A., Eisen, M. B., Davis, R. E., Ma, C., Lossos, I. S., Rosenwald, A., Boldrick, J. C., Sabet, H., Tran, T., Yu, X., Powell, J. I., Yang, L., Marti, G. E., Moore, T., Hudson, J., Lu, L., Lewis, D. B., Tibshirani, R., Sherlock, G., . . . Staudt, L. M. (2000). Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature, 403(6769), 503-511. https://doi.org/10.1038/35000501
  • Asano, N., Watanabe, T., Kitani, A., Fuss, I. J., & Strober, W. (2008). Notch1 Signaling and Regulatory T Cell Function. The Journal of Immunology, 180(5), 2796-2804. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2 796
  • Blackadar, C. B. (2016). Historical review of the causes of cancer. World Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v7.i1.54
  • Bodmer, W. F. (1994). Cancer genetics. British Medical Bulletin, 50(3), 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.b mb.a072907
  • Bommireddy, R., & Doetschman, T. (2007). TGFβ1 and Treg cells: alliance for tolerance. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 13(11), 492-501. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.200 7.08.005
  • Borsellino, G., Kleinewietfeld, M., Di Mitri, D., Sternjak, A., Diamantini, A., Giometto, R., . . . Falk, K. (2007). Expression of ectonucleotidase CD39 by Foxp3 Treg cells: hydrolysis of extracellular ATP and immune suppression. Blood, 110(4), 1225- 1232. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood- 2006-12-064527
  • Busse, D., de la Rosa, M., Hobiger, K., Thurley, K., Flossdorf, M., Scheffold, A., & Höfer, T. (2010). Competing feedback loops shape IL-2 signaling between helper and regulatory T lymphocytes in cellular microenvironments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(7), 3058-3063. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812851107
  • Cao, X., Cai, S. F., Fehniger, T. A., Song, J., Collins, L. I., Piwnica-Worms, D. R., & Ley, T. J. (2007). Granzyme B and Perforin Are Important for Regulatory T Cell- Mediated Suppression of Tumor Clearance. Immunity, 27(4), 635-646. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007 .08.014
  • Chang, M. H. (2000). Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection in children. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 15(5 (Suppl.)), E16-E19. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440- 1746.2000.02096.x
  • Chang, S. H., Mirabolfathinejad, S. G., Katta, H., Cumpian, A. M., Gong, L., Caetano, M. S., Moghaddam, S. J., & Dong, C. (2014). T helper 17 cells play a critical pathogenic role in lung cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(15), 5664-5669. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1319051111
  • Chehimi, M., Vidal, H., & Eljaafari, A. (2017). Pathogenic Role of IL-17-Producing Immune Cells in Obesity, and Related Inflammatory Diseases. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 6(7), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm6070068
  • Cheng, G., Yu, A., & Malek, T. R. (2011). T-cell tolerance and the multi-functional role of IL-2R signaling in T-regulatory cells. 241(1), 63-76. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600- 065X.2011.01004.x
  • Chinen, T., Kannan, A. K., Levine, A. G., Fan, X., Klein, U., Zheng, Y., Gasteiger, G., Feng, Y., Fontenot, J. D., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2016). An essential role for the IL-2 receptor in Treg cell function. Nature Immunology, 17(11), 1322-1333. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3540
  • Clapp, R. W., Jacobs, M. M., & Loechler, E. L. (2008). Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer: New Evidence 2005- 2007. Reviews on Environmental Health, 23(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh.2008.23.1.1
  • Coffelt, S. B., Kersten, K., Doornebal, C. W., Weiden, J., Vrijland, K., Hau, C. S., Verstegen, N. J. M., Ciampricotti, M., Hawinkels, L. J. A. C., Jonkers, J., & de Visser, K. E. (2015). IL-17-producing γδ T cells and neutrophils conspire to promote breast cancer metastasis. Nature, 522(7556), 345-348. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14282
  • Collison, L. W., Chaturvedi, V., Henderson, A. L., Giacomin, P. R., Guy, C., Bankoti, J., Finkelstein, D., Forbes, K., Workman, C. J., Brown, S. A., Rehg, J. E., Jones, M. L., Ni, H. T., Artis, D., Turk, M. J., & Vignali, D. A. A. (2010). IL-35-mediated induction of a potent regulatory T cell population. Nature Immunology, 11(12), 1093-1101. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1952
  • Collison, L. W., Workman, C. J., Kuo, T. T., Boyd, K., Wang, Y., Vignali, K. M., Cross, R., Sehy, D., Blumberg, R. S., & Vignali, D. A. A. (2007). The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function. Nature, 450(7169), 566-569. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06306
  • Coronella-Wood, J. A., & Hersh, E. M. (2003). Naturally occurring B-cell responses to breast cancer. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, 52(12), 715-738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-003- 0409-4
  • Cunningham, D., Hawkes, E. A., Jack, A., Qian, W., Smith, P., Mouncey, P., Pocock, C., Ardeshna, K. M., Radford, J. A., McMillan, A., Davies, J., Turner, D., Kruger, A., Johnson, P., Gambell, J., & Linch, D. (2013). Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 3 comparison of dose intensification with 14-day versus 21-day cycles. The Lancet, 381(9880), 1817-1826. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140- 6736(13)60313-x
  • Curiel, T. J., Coukos, G., Zou, L., Alvarez, X., Cheng, P., Mottram, P., Evdemon-Hogan, M., Conejo-Garcia, J. R., Zhang, L., Burow, M., Zhu, Y., Wei, S., Kryczek, I., Daniel, B., Gordon, A., Myers, L., Lackner, A., Disis, M. L., Knutson, K. L., . . . Zou, W. (2004). Specific recruitment of regulatory T cells in ovarian carcinoma fosters immune privilege and predicts reduced survival. Nature Medicine, 10(9), 942-949. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1093
  • Davis, R. E., Ngo, V. N., Lenz, G., Tolar, P., Young, R. M., Romesser, P. B., Kohlhammer, H., Lamy, L., Zhao, H., Yang, Y., Xu, W., Shaffer, A. L., Wright, G., Xiao, W., Powell, J., Jiang, J. K., Thomas, C. J., Rosenwald, A., Ott, G., . . . Staudt, L. M. (2010). Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Nature, 463(7277), 88-92. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08638
  • Deaglio, S., Dwyer, K. M., Gao, W., Friedman, D., Usheva, A., Erat, A., Chen, J. F., Enjyoji, K., Linden, J., Oukka, M., Kuchroo, V. K., Strom, T. B., & Robson, S. C. (2007). Adenosine generation catalyzed by CD39 and CD73 expressed on regulatory T cells mediates immune suppression. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 204(6), 1257- 1265. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20062512
  • Dedobbeleer, O., Stockis, J., van der Woning, B., Coulie, P. G., & Lucas, S. (2017). Cutting Edge: Active TGF-β1 Released from GARP/TGF-β1 Complexes on the Surface of Stimulated Human B Lymphocytes Increases Class-Switch Recombination and Production of IgA. The Journal of Immunology, 199(2), 391-396. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.160188 2
  • Elkord, E., Alcantar-Orozco, E. M., Dovedi, S. J., Tran, D. Q., Hawkins, R. E., & Gilham, D. E. (2010). T regulatory cells in cancer: recent advances and therapeutic potential. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 10(11), 1573-1586. https://doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2010.52 9126
  • Ernst, M., & Putoczki, T. (2014). IL-17 Cuts to the Chase in Colon Cancer. Immunity, 41(6), 880-882. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2014 .12.004
  • Facciabene, A., Peng, X., Hagemann, I. S., Balint, K., Barchetti, A., Wang, L. P., Gimotty, P. A., Gilks, C. B., Lal, P., Zhang, L., & Coukos, G. (2011). Tumour hypoxia promotes tolerance and angiogenesis via CCL28 and Treg cells. Nature, 475(7355), 226-230. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10169
  • Franzese, O., Kennedy, P. T. F., Gehring, A. J., Gotto, J., Williams, R., Maini, M. K., & Bertoletti, A. (2005). Modulation of the CD8 -T-Cell Response by CD4 CD25 Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Journal of Virology, 79(6), 3322-3328. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.6.3322- 3328.2005
  • Garcia-Hernandez, M. L., Hernandez-Pando, R., Gariglio, P., & Berumen, J. (2002). Interleukin-10 promotes B16-melanoma growth by inhibition of macrophage functions and induction of tumour and vascular cell proliferation. Immunology, 105(2), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365- 2567.2002.01363.x
  • Gavin, M. A., Rasmussen, J. P., Fontenot, J. D., Vasta, V., Manganiello, V. C., Beavo, J. A., & Rudensky, A. Y. (2007). Foxp3- dependent programme of regulatory T- cell differentiation. Nature, 445(7129), 771-775. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05543
  • Ghiringhelli, F., MéNard, C., Terme, M., Flament, C., Taieb, J., Chaput, N., Puig, P. E., Novault, S., Escudier, B., Vivier, E., Lecesne, A., Robert, C., Blay, J. Y., Bernard, J., Caillat-Zucman, S., Freitas, A., Tursz, T., Wagner-Ballon, O., Capron, C., . . . Zitvogel, L. (2005). CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor- β-dependent manner. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 202(8), 1075- 1085. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20051511
  • Hemdan, N. Y. A. (2013). Anti-cancer versus cancer-promoting effects of the interleukin-17-producing T helper cells. Immunology Letters, 149(1), 123- 133doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.201 2.11.002
  • Hu, Z., Luo, D., Wang, D., Ma, L., Zhao, Y., & Li, L. (2017). IL-17 Activates the IL-6/STAT3 Signal Pathway in the Proliferation of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 43(6), 2379-2390. https://doi.org/10.1159/000484390
  • Huber, S., Schramm, C., Lehr, H. A., Mann, A., Schmitt, S., Becker, C., Protschka, M., Galle, P. R., Neurath, M. F., & Blessing, M. (2004). Cutting Edge: TGF-β Signaling Is Required for the In Vivo Expansion and Immunosuppressive Capacity of Regulatory CD4 CD25 T Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 173(11), 6526- 6531. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.173.11. 6526
  • Hussain, S. P., Hofseth, L. J., & Harris, C. C. (2003). Radical causes of cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 3(4), 276-285. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1046
  • Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Inagaki, A., Yano, H., Komatsu, H., Iida, S., Inagaki, H., & Ueda, R. (2006). Specific Recruitment of CC Chemokine Receptor 4-Positive Regulatory T Cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma Fosters Immune Privilege. Cancer Research, 66(11), 5716-5722. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can- 06-0261
  • Ivanov, I. I., McKenzie, B. S., Zhou, L., Tadokoro, C. E., Lepelley, A., Lafaille, J. J., . . . Littman, D. R. (2006). The Orphan Nuclear Receptor RORγt Directs the Differentiation Program of Proinflammatory IL-17 T Helper Cells. Cell, 126(6), 1121-1133. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.07. 035
  • Jin, P., Ren, H., Sun, W., Xin, W., Zhang, H., & Hao, J. (2014). Circulating IL-35 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Human Immunology, 75(1), 29- 33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.201 3.09.018
  • Jordan, M. S., Boesteanu, A., Reed, A. J., Petrone, A. L., Holenbeck, A. E., Lerman, M. A., Naji, A., & Caton, A. J. (2001). Thymic selection of CD4 CD25 regulatory T cells induced by an agonist self-peptide. Nature Immunology, 2(4), 301-306. https://doi.org/10.1038/86302
  • Kanzler, H., Küppers, R., Hansmann, M. L., & Rajewsky, K. (1996). Hodgkin and Reed- Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease represent the outgrowth of a dominant tumor clone derived from (crippled) germinal center B cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 184(4), 1495- 1505. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.4.1495
  • Karimi-Googheri, M., Daneshvar, H., Nosratabadi, R., Zare-Bidaki, M., Hassanshahi, G., Ebrahim, M., Arababadi, M. K., & Kennedy, D. (2013). Important roles played by TGF-β in hepatitis B infection. Journal of Medical Virology, 86(1), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23727
  • Kobie, J. J., Shah, P. R., Yang, L., Rebhahn, J. A., Fowell, D. J., & Mosmann, T. R. (2006). T Regulatory and Primed Uncommitted CD4 T Cells Express CD73, Which Suppresses Effector CD4 T Cells by Converting 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate to Adenosine. The Journal of Immunology, 177(10), 6780- 6786. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.10. 6780
  • Küppers, R. (2008). The biology of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nature Reviews Cancer, 9(1), 15-27. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc2542
  • Küppers, R., Rajewsky, K., Zhao, M., Simons, G., Laumann, R., Fischer, R., & Hansmann, M. L. (1994). Hodgkin disease: Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells picked from histological sections show clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and appear to be derived from B cells at various stages of development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 91(23), 10962-10966. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.23.10962
  • Küppers, R., Zhao, M., Hansmann, M. L., & Rajewsky, K. (1993). Tracing B cell development in human germinal centres by molecular analysis of single cells picked from histological sections. 12(13), 4955- 4967. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1460- 2075.1993.tb06189.x
  • Li, Q., Grover, A. C., Donald, E. J., Carr, A., Yu, J., Whitfield, J., Nelson, M., Takeshita, N., & Chang, A. E. (2005). Simultaneous Targeting of CD3 on T Cells and CD40 on B or Dendritic Cells Augments the Antitumor Reactivity of Tumor-Primed Lymph Node Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 175(3), 1424-1432. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.175.3.1 424
  • Liu, V. C., Wong, L. Y., Jang, T., Shah, A. H., Park, I., Yang, X., Zhang, Q., Lonning, S., Teicher, B. A., & Lee, C. (2007). Tumor Evasion of the Immune System by Converting CD4 CD25 T Cells into CD4 CD25 T Regulatory Cells: Role of Tumor-Derived TGF-β. The Journal of Immunology, 178(5), 2883-2892. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2 883
  • Loder, B. F., Mutschler, B., Ray, R. J., Paige, C. J., Sideras, P., Torres, R., Lamers, M. C., & Carsetti, R. (1999). B Cell Development in the Spleen Takes Place in Discrete Steps and Is Determined by the Quality of B Cell Receptor-Derived Signals. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 190(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.1.75
  • Lossos, I. S., Alizadeh, A. A., Eisen, M. B., Chan, W. C., Brown, P. O., Botstein, D., Staudt, L. M., & Levy, R. (2000). Ongoing immunoglobulin somatic mutation in germinal center B cell-like but not in activated B cell-like diffuse large cell lymphomas. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(18), 10209- 10213. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.180316097
  • Malek, T. R. (2008). The Biology of Interleukin- 2. Annual Review of Immunology, 26(1), 453-479. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol. 26.021607.090357
  • Mandapathil, M., Hilldorfer, B., Szczepanski, M. J., Czystowska, M., Szajnik, M., Ren, J., . . . Whiteside, T. L. (2010). Generation and Accumulation of Immunosuppressive Adenosine by Human CD4 CD25highFOXP3 Regulatory T Cells*. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(10), 7176-7186. doi: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.047 423
  • Marshall, E. A., Ng, K. W., Kung, S. H. Y., Conway, E. M., Martinez, V. D., Halvorsen, E. C., Rowbotham, D. A., Vucic, E. A., Plumb, A. W., Becker-Santos, D. D., Enfield, K. S. S., Kennett, J. Y., Bennewith, K. L., Lockwood, W. W., Lam, S., English, J. C., Abraham, N., & Lam, W. L. (2016). Emerging roles of T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in lung cancer progression and metastasis. Molecular Cancer, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-016-0551- 1
  • Meeker, T. C., Lowder, J., Maloney, D. G., Miller, R. A., Thielemans, K., Warnke, R., & Levy, R. (1985). A Clinical Trial of Anti- Idiotype Therapy for B Cell Malignancy. Blood, 65(6), 1349-1363. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V65.6.1 349.bloodjournal6561349
  • Murai, M., Turovskaya, O., Kim, G., Madan, R., Karp, C. L., Cheroutre, H., & Kronenberg, M. (2009). Interleukin 10 acts on regulatory T cells to maintain expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 and suppressive function in mice with colitis. Nature Immunology, 10(11), 1178-1184. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.1791
  • Nurieva, R. I., Chung, Y., Hwang, D., Yang, X. O., Kang, H. S., Ma, L., . . . Dong, C. (2008). Generation of T Follicular Helper Cells Is Mediated by Interleukin-21 but Independent of T Helper 1, 2, or 17 Cell Lineages. Immunity, 29(1), 138-149. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2008 .05.009
  • Ohta, A., & Sitkovsky, M. (2014). Extracellular Adenosine-Mediated Modulation of Regulatory T Cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.0030 4
  • Pan, B., Shen, J., Cao, J., Zhou, Y., Shang, L., Jin, S., Cao, S., Che, D., Liu, F., & Yu, Y. (2015). Interleukin-17 promotes angiogenesis by stimulating VEGF production of cancer cells via the STAT3/GIV signaling pathway in non- small-cell lung cancer. Scientific Reports, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16053
  • Petanidis, S., Anestakis, D., Argyraki, M., Hadzopoulou-Cladaras, M., & Salifoglou, A. (2013). Differential Expression of IL-17, 22 and 23 in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with K-ras Mutation: Ras Signal Inhibition and Crosstalk with GM-CSF and IFN-γ. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e73616. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073 616
  • Pylayeva-Gupta, Y. (2016). Molecular Pathways: Interleukin-35 in Autoimmunity and Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research, 22(20), 4973-4978. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078- 0432.ccr-16-0743
  • Reth, M., & Nielsen, P. (2014). Chapter Four - Signaling Circuits in Early B-Cell Development. In F. W. Alt (Ed.), Advances in Immunology 122, 129-175, Academic Press.
  • Rickert, R. C. (2013). New insights into pre-BCR and BCR signalling with relevance to B cell malignancies. Nature Reviews Immunology, 13(8), 578-591. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri3487
  • Romagnani, S. (1992). Type 1 T helper and type 2 T helper cells: Functions, regulation and role in protection and disease. International Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Research, 21(2-4), 152-158. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02591635
  • Rosenwald, A., Wright, G., Chan, W. C., Connors, J. M., Campo, E., Fisher, R. I., Gascoyne, R. D., Muller-Hermelink, H. K., Smeland, E. B., Giltnane, J. M., Hurt, E. M., Zhao, H., Averett, L., Yang, L., Wilson, W. H., Jaffe, E. S., Simon, R., Klausner, R. D., Powell, J., . . . Staudt, L. M. (2002). The Use of Molecular Profiling to Predict Survival after Chemotherapy for Diffuse Large-B-Cell Lymphoma. New England Journal of Medicine, 346(25), 1937-1947. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa012914
  • Sawant, D. V., Yano, H., Chikina, M., Zhang, Q., Liao, M., Liu, C., Callahan, D. J., Sun, Z., Sun, T., Tabib, T., Pennathur, A., Corry, D. B., Luketich, J. D., Lafyatis, R., Chen, W., Poholek, A. C., Bruno, T. C., Workman, C. J., & Vignali, D. A. A. (2019). Adaptive plasticity of IL-10 and IL-35 Treg cells cooperatively promotes tumor T cell exhaustion. Nature Immunology, 20(6), 724-735. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-019- 0346-9
  • Seifert, M., Scholtysik, R., & Küppers, R. (2013). Origin and Pathogenesis of B Cell Lymphomas. In R. Küppers (Ed.), Lymphoma: Methods and Protocols (pp. 1-25). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press.
  • Seo, N., Hayakawa, S., Takigawa, M., & Tokura, Y. (2001). Interleukin-10 expressed at early tumour sites induces subsequent generation of CD4 T-regulatory cells and systemic collapse of antitumour immunity. Immunology, 103(4), 449-457. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365- 2567.2001.01279.x
  • Seoane, J., & Gomis, R. R. (2017). TGF-β Family Signaling in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Progression. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 9(12), a022277. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a0222 77
  • Shaffer, A. L., Young, R. M., & Staudt, L. M. (2012). Pathogenesis of Human B Cell Lymphomas. Annual Review of Immunology, 30(1), 565-610. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev- immunol-020711-075027
  • Shah, S., Divekar, A. A., Hilchey, S. P., Cho, H.- M., Newman, C. L., Shin, S.-U., . . . Rosenblatt, J. D. (2005). Increased rejection of primary tumors in mice lacking B cells: Inhibition of anti-tumor CTL and TH1 cytokine responses by B cells. 117(4), 574-586. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21177
  • Sitkovsky, M., Lukashev, D., Deaglio, S., Dwyer, K., Robson, S. C., & Ohta, A. (2008). Adenosine A2A receptor antagonists: blockade of adenosinergic effects and T regulatory cells. 153(S1), S457-S464. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/bjp.2008.23
  • Song, Y., & Yang, J. M. (2017). Role of interleukin (IL)-17 and T-helper (Th)17 cells in cancer. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 493(1), 1-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08. 109
  • Sorrentino, R., Morello, S., Forte, G., Montinaro, A., Vita, G. D., Luciano, A., Palma, G., Arra, C., Maiolino, P., Adcock, I. M., & Pinto, A. (2011). B Cells Contribute to the Antitumor Activity of CpG- Oligodeoxynucleotide in a Mouse Model of Metastatic Lung Carcinoma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(10), 1369-1379. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201010- 1738oc
  • Stockis, J., Fink, W., François, V., Connerotte, T., de Smet, C., Knoops, L., . . . Lucas, S. (2009). Comparison of stable human Treg and Th clones by transcriptional profiling. 39(3), 869-882. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.200838807
  • Stoop, J. N., van der Molen, R. G., Kuipers, E. J., Kusters, J. G., & Janssen, H. L. A. (2007). Inhibition of viral replication reduces regulatory T cells and enhances the antiviral immune response in chronic hepatitis B. Virology, 361(1), 141-148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.11. 018
  • Strauss, L., Bergmann, C., Szczepanski, M., Gooding, W., Johnson, J. T., & Whiteside, T. L. (2007). A Unique Subset of CD4 CD25high Foxp3 T Cells Secreting Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Mediates Suppression in the Tumor Microenvironment. Clinical Cancer Research, 13(15), 4345-4354. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.ccr- 07-0472
  • Su, Z. J., Yu, X. P., Guo, R. Y., Ming, D. S., Huang, L. Y., Su, M. L., Deng, Y., & Lin, Z. Z. (2013). Changes in the balance between Treg and Th17 cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease,76(4), 437-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.201 3.04.026
  • Thornton, A. M., Lu, J., Korty, P. E., Kim, Y. C., Martens, C., Sun, P. D., & Shevach, E. M. (2019). Helios and Helios Treg subpopulations are phenotypically and functionally distinct and express dissimilar TCR repertoires. 49(3), 398-412. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/eji.201847935
  • Tilly, H., Gomes da Silva, M., Vitolo, U., Jack, A., Meignan, M., Lopez-Guillermo, A., . . . Ladetto, M. (2015). Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up†. Annals of Oncology, 26, v116-v125. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdv3 04
  • Trehanpati, N., & Vyas, A. K. (2017). Immune Regulation by T Regulatory Cells in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Inflammation and Cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 85(3), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.1111/sji.12524
  • Trehanpati, N., Shrivastav, S., Shivakumar, B., Khosla, R., Bhardwaj, S., Chaturvedi, J., Sukriti, Kumar, B., Bose, S., Tripathi, D. M., Das, T., Sakhuja, P., Rastogi, A., Bhihari, C., Singh, S., Gupta, S., Kottilil, S., & Sarin, S. K. (2012). Analysis of Notch and TGF-β Signaling Expression in Different Stages of Disease Progression During Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology, 3(10), e23. https://doi.org/10.1038/ctg.2012.17
  • Turnis, M. E., Sawant, D. V., Szymczak- Workman, A. L., Andrews, L. P., Delgoffe, G. M., Yano, H., . . . Vignali, D. A. A. (2016). Interleukin-35 Limits Anti-Tumor Immunity. Immunity, 44(2), 316-329. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2016 .01.013
  • Venkitaraman, A. R., Williams, G. T., Dariavach, P., & Neuberger, M. S. (1991). The B-cell antigen receptor of the five immunoglobulin classes. Nature, 352(6338), 777-781. https://doi.org/10.1038/352777a0
  • Vignali, D. A. A., Collison, L. W., & Workman, C. J. (2008). How regulatory T cells work. Nature Reviews Immunology, 8(7), 523- 532. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2343
  • Voron, T., Marcheteau, E., Pernot, S., Colussi, O., Tartour, E., Taieb, J., & Terme, M. (2014). Control of the Immune Response by Pro- Angiogenic Factors. Frontiers in Oncology, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2014.00070
  • Wang, L., Yi, T., Kortylewski, M., Pardoll, D. M., Zeng, D., & Yu, H. (2009). IL-17 can promote tumor growth through an IL-6- Stat3 signaling pathway. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 206(7), 1457- 1464. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20090207
  • Wang, S., Gao, X., Shen, G., Wang, W., Li, J., Zhao, J., Wei, Y. Q., & Edwards, C. K. (2016). Interleukin-10 deficiency impairs regulatory T cell-derived neuropilin-1 functions and promotes Th1 and Th17 immunity. Scientific Reports, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24249
  • Young, R. M., Wu, T., Schmitz, R., Dawood, M., Xiao, W., Phelan, J. D., Xu, W., Menard, L., Meffre, E., Chan, W. C. C., Jaffe, E. S., Gascoyne, R. D., Campo, E., Rosenwald, A., Ott, G., Delabie, J., Rimsza, L. M., & Staudt, L. M. (2015). Survival of human lymphoma cells requires B-cell receptor engagement by self-antigens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(44), 13447-13454. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1514944112
  • Yu, X., Guo, R., Ming, D., Su, M., Lin, C., Deng, Y., Lin, Z., & Su, Z. (2014). Ratios of regulatory T cells/T-helper 17 cells and transforming growth factor- β1/interleukin-17 to be associated with the development of hepatitis B virus- associated liver cirrhosis. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 29(5), 1065-1072. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12459
  • Zarek, P. E., Huang, C. T., Lutz, E. R., Kowalski, J., Horton, M. R., Linden, J., Drake, C. G., & Powell, J. D. (2008). A2A receptor signaling promotes peripheral tolerance by inducing T-cell anergy and the generation of adaptive regulatory T cells. Blood, 111(1), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood- 2007-03-081646
  • Zhao, D. M., Thornton, A. M., DiPaolo, R. J., & Shevach, E. M. (2006). Activated CD4 CD25 T cells selectively kill B lymphocytes. Blood, 107(10), 3925-3932. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-11- 4502
  • Zheng, S. G., Wang, J., Wang, P., Gray, J. D., & Horwitz, D. A. (2007). IL-2 Is Essential for TGF-β to Convert Naive CD4 CD25 Cells to CD25 Foxp3 Regulatory T Cells and for Expansion of These Cells. The Journal of Immunology, 178(4), 2018- 2027. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2 018
  • Zhu, X., & Zhu, J. (2020). CD4 T Helper Cell Subsets and Related Human Immunological Disorders. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(21), 8011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218011

Cite this article

APA

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Khan, Rana Muhammad Awais, Umair ul Hassan, and Shafiq ur Rehman. 2021. "A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression." Global Drug Design & Development Review, VI (IV): 13-29 doi: 10.31703/gdddr.2021(VI-IV).02

HARVARD

    HARVARD : KHAN, R. M. A., HASSAN, U. U. & REHMAN, S. U. 2021. A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression. Global Drug Design & Development Review, VI, 13-29.

MHRA

    MHRA : Khan, Rana Muhammad Awais, Umair ul Hassan, and Shafiq ur Rehman. 2021. "A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression." Global Drug Design & Development Review, VI: 13-29

MLA

    MLA : Khan, Rana Muhammad Awais, Umair ul Hassan, and Shafiq ur Rehman. "A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression." Global Drug Design & Development Review, VI.IV (2021): 13-29 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Khan, Rana Muhammad Awais, Hassan, Umair ul, and Rehman, Shafiq ur (2021), "A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression", Global Drug Design & Development Review, VI (IV), 13-29

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Khan, Rana Muhammad Awais, Umair ul Hassan, and Shafiq ur Rehman. "A Review on Immune Cells Mediated Tumor Progression." Global Drug Design & Development Review VI, no. IV (2021): 13-29. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2021(VI-IV).02