UTILIZATION OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SYMPTOMATIC VAGINAL DISCHARGE IN RURAL REPRODUCTIVEAGE WOMEN

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2022(VII-II).03      10.31703/gdddr.2022(VII-II).03      Published : Jun 2
Authored by : Nayab Faridoon , Sanodia Afridi , Sumbul Aqeeq , SumbalKhittab , Hijab Hashmi , IrumJaved

03 Pages : 15-21

References

  • Bates, S. (2003). Vaginal discharge. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 13(4), 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0957-5847(03)00038-6
  • Becker, J. B., Arnold, A. P., Berkley, K. J., Blaustein, J. D., Eckel, L. A., Hampson, E., Herman, J. P., Marts, S., Sadee, W., Steiner, M., Taylor, J., & Young, E. (2005). Strategies and Methods for Research on Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior. Endocrinology, 146(4), 1650– 1673. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1142
  • Bowler, I., & Griffiths, L. (2015). Investigation and Management of Vaginal Discharge in Adult Women. Oxfordshire Clinical Commissioning Group.
  • Chaudhary, V.R., Kumar, R., Agrawal, V.K., Singh, A., Narula, R., & Sharma, M.K. (2012). Prevalence and Determinants of Vaginal Discharge among Women of Reproductive age Group in Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India. Natl J Community Med, 3(4), 661-665.
  • Eschenbach, D. A., Thwin, S. S., Patton, D. L., Hooton, T. M., Stapleton, A. E., Agnew, K., Winter, C., Meier, A., & Stamm, W. E. (2000). Influence of the Normal Menstrual Cycle on Vaginal Tissue, Discharge, and Microflora. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30(6), 901–907. https://doi.org/10.1086/313818
  • Gandhi, T.N., Patel, M.G., & Jain, M.R. (2015). Prospective Study of Vaginal Discharge and Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. International journal of current research and review, 7, 34-38.
  • Guntoory, I., Tamaraba, N. R., Nambaru, L. R., & Kalavakuri, A. S. (2017). Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(11), 4840–4846. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174691
  • Itriyeva, K. (2020). Evaluation of vulvovaginitis in the adolescent patient. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 50(7), 100836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100836
  • Kamara, P., Hylton-Kong, T., Brathwaite, A., Rosario, G. R. D., Kristensen, S., Patrick, N., Weiss, H., Figueroa, P. J., Vermund, S. H., & Jolly, P. E. (2000). Vaginal infections in pregnant women in Jamaica: prevalence and risk factors. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 11(8), 516–520. https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462001916425
  • Koumans, E. H., Sternberg, M., Bruce, C., McQuillan, G., Kendrick, J., Sutton, M., & Markowitz, L. E. (2007). The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001???2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 34(11), 864–869. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0b013e318074e565
  • Madhivanan, P., & Krupp, K. (2015). Antibiotic resistance in prevalent bacterial and protozoan sexually transmitted infections. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 36(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.156680
  • Madhivanan, P., Bartman, M. T., Pasutti, L., Krupp, K., Arun, A., Reingold, A. L., & Klausner, J. D. (2009). Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among young reproductive age women in India: implications for treatment and prevention. Sexual Health, 6(4), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1071/sh09038
  • Madhivanan, P., Krupp, K., Chandrasekaran, V., Karat, C., Arun, A., Cohen, C., Reingold, A., & Klausner, J. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis among young women of reproductive age in Mysore, India. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 26(2), 132. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.40526
  • Mathew, R., Kalyani, J., Bibi, R., & Mallika, M. (2001). Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in antenatal women. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology, 44(2), 113–116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11883123/
  • Pandey, D., Shetty J., Pai M.V., & kumar, P. (2009). Chlamydia in female reproductive tract. The Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5580/acc
  • Pawanarkar, J. & Chopra, K. (2004). Health and population – Prevalence of lower reproductive tract infection in infertile women. Perspect Issues, 27, 67-75.
  • Ponnaluri, D. A. (2021). A study on microbiological profile in women with symptomatic vaginal discharge. International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 5(3), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i3e.1186
  • Pyper, C. M., & Knight, J. (2001). Fertility awareness methods of family planning: The physiological background, methodology and effectiveness of fertility awareness methods. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 27(2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1783/147118901101195173
  • Rekha, S., & Jyothi, S.M. (2010). Comparison of visual, clinical and microbiological diagnosis of symptomatic vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group. Int J Pharm Biomed Res, 1(4), 144-148.
  • Schwebke, J. (1996). Validity of the Vaginal Gram Stain for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 88(4), 573–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-7844(96)00233-5
  • Singh, M. M., Devi, R., Garg, S., & Mehra, M. (2001). Effectiveness of syndromic approach in management of reproductive tract infections in women. Indian journal of medical sciences, 55(4), 209–214.

References

  • Bates, S. (2003). Vaginal discharge. Current Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 13(4), 218–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0957-5847(03)00038-6
  • Becker, J. B., Arnold, A. P., Berkley, K. J., Blaustein, J. D., Eckel, L. A., Hampson, E., Herman, J. P., Marts, S., Sadee, W., Steiner, M., Taylor, J., & Young, E. (2005). Strategies and Methods for Research on Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior. Endocrinology, 146(4), 1650– 1673. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1142
  • Bowler, I., & Griffiths, L. (2015). Investigation and Management of Vaginal Discharge in Adult Women. Oxfordshire Clinical Commissioning Group.
  • Chaudhary, V.R., Kumar, R., Agrawal, V.K., Singh, A., Narula, R., & Sharma, M.K. (2012). Prevalence and Determinants of Vaginal Discharge among Women of Reproductive age Group in Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India. Natl J Community Med, 3(4), 661-665.
  • Eschenbach, D. A., Thwin, S. S., Patton, D. L., Hooton, T. M., Stapleton, A. E., Agnew, K., Winter, C., Meier, A., & Stamm, W. E. (2000). Influence of the Normal Menstrual Cycle on Vaginal Tissue, Discharge, and Microflora. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30(6), 901–907. https://doi.org/10.1086/313818
  • Gandhi, T.N., Patel, M.G., & Jain, M.R. (2015). Prospective Study of Vaginal Discharge and Prevalence of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in a Tertiary Care Hospital. International journal of current research and review, 7, 34-38.
  • Guntoory, I., Tamaraba, N. R., Nambaru, L. R., & Kalavakuri, A. S. (2017). Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of vaginal discharge among married women of reproductive age group at a teaching hospital. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(11), 4840–4846. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174691
  • Itriyeva, K. (2020). Evaluation of vulvovaginitis in the adolescent patient. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 50(7), 100836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2020.100836
  • Kamara, P., Hylton-Kong, T., Brathwaite, A., Rosario, G. R. D., Kristensen, S., Patrick, N., Weiss, H., Figueroa, P. J., Vermund, S. H., & Jolly, P. E. (2000). Vaginal infections in pregnant women in Jamaica: prevalence and risk factors. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 11(8), 516–520. https://doi.org/10.1258/0956462001916425
  • Koumans, E. H., Sternberg, M., Bruce, C., McQuillan, G., Kendrick, J., Sutton, M., & Markowitz, L. E. (2007). The Prevalence of Bacterial Vaginosis in the United States, 2001???2004; Associations With Symptoms, Sexual Behaviors, and Reproductive Health. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 34(11), 864–869. https://doi.org/10.1097/olq.0b013e318074e565
  • Madhivanan, P., & Krupp, K. (2015). Antibiotic resistance in prevalent bacterial and protozoan sexually transmitted infections. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS, 36(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.156680
  • Madhivanan, P., Bartman, M. T., Pasutti, L., Krupp, K., Arun, A., Reingold, A. L., & Klausner, J. D. (2009). Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among young reproductive age women in India: implications for treatment and prevention. Sexual Health, 6(4), 339–344. https://doi.org/10.1071/sh09038
  • Madhivanan, P., Krupp, K., Chandrasekaran, V., Karat, C., Arun, A., Cohen, C., Reingold, A., & Klausner, J. (2008). Prevalence and correlates of bacterial vaginosis among young women of reproductive age in Mysore, India. Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology, 26(2), 132. https://doi.org/10.4103/0255-0857.40526
  • Mathew, R., Kalyani, J., Bibi, R., & Mallika, M. (2001). Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in antenatal women. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology, 44(2), 113–116. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11883123/
  • Pandey, D., Shetty J., Pai M.V., & kumar, P. (2009). Chlamydia in female reproductive tract. The Internet Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.5580/acc
  • Pawanarkar, J. & Chopra, K. (2004). Health and population – Prevalence of lower reproductive tract infection in infertile women. Perspect Issues, 27, 67-75.
  • Ponnaluri, D. A. (2021). A study on microbiological profile in women with symptomatic vaginal discharge. International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 5(3), 325–329. https://doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2021.v5.i3e.1186
  • Pyper, C. M., & Knight, J. (2001). Fertility awareness methods of family planning: The physiological background, methodology and effectiveness of fertility awareness methods. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 27(2), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1783/147118901101195173
  • Rekha, S., & Jyothi, S.M. (2010). Comparison of visual, clinical and microbiological diagnosis of symptomatic vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group. Int J Pharm Biomed Res, 1(4), 144-148.
  • Schwebke, J. (1996). Validity of the Vaginal Gram Stain for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 88(4), 573–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-7844(96)00233-5
  • Singh, M. M., Devi, R., Garg, S., & Mehra, M. (2001). Effectiveness of syndromic approach in management of reproductive tract infections in women. Indian journal of medical sciences, 55(4), 209–214.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Faridoon, N., Afridi, S., & Aqeeq, S. (2022). Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women. Global Drug Design & Development Review, VII(II), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2022(VII-II).03

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Faridoon, Nayab, Sanodia Afridi, and Sumbul Aqeeq. 2022. "Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women." Global Drug Design & Development Review, VII (II): 15-21 doi: 10.31703/gdddr.2022(VII-II).03

HARVARD

    HARVARD : FARIDOON, N., AFRIDI, S. & AQEEQ, S. 2022. Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women. Global Drug Design & Development Review, VII, 15-21.

MHRA

    MHRA : Faridoon, Nayab, Sanodia Afridi, and Sumbul Aqeeq. 2022. "Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women." Global Drug Design & Development Review, VII: 15-21

MLA

    MLA : Faridoon, Nayab, Sanodia Afridi, and Sumbul Aqeeq. "Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women." Global Drug Design & Development Review, VII.II (2022): 15-21 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Faridoon, Nayab, Afridi, Sanodia, and Aqeeq, Sumbul (2022), "Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women", Global Drug Design & Development Review, VII (II), 15-21

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Faridoon, Nayab, Sanodia Afridi, and Sumbul Aqeeq. "Utilization of the Microbiological Profile of Symptomatic Vaginal Discharge in Rural Reproductive-Age Women." Global Drug Design & Development Review VII, no. II (2022): 15-21. https://doi.org/10.31703/gdddr.2022(VII-II).03